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pitch [-tx] [inputfile ...] [ > outputfile.pit]
**pitch spines.
ANSI pitch designations use the upper-case letters A to G followed
by an optional accidental, followed by an octave number.
In the Humdrum **pitch representation,
optional cents deviation from equal temperament can also be encoded.
The
pitch
command is able to translate any of the pitch-related
input representations listed below.
In each case, a tuning standard of A4 equals 440 hertz is assumed.
For descriptions of the various input representations
(including **pitch) refer to Section 2
(Representation Reference)
of this reference manual.
It is recommended that output files produced using the pitch command should be given names with the distinguishing `.pit' extension.
**centshundredths of a semitone with respect to middle C=0 **degreekey-related scale degree **freqfundamental frequency (in hertz) **fretfretted-instrument pitch tablature **kerncore pitch/duration representation **MIDIMusic Instrument Digital Interface tablature **semitsequal-tempered semitones with respect to middle C=0 (e.g. 12 = C5) **solfgFrench solfège system (fixed `doh') **specCspectral centroid (in hertz) **TonhGerman pitch system
The pitch command provides the following options:
Options are specified in the command line.
-h displays a help screen summarizing the command syntax -t suppresses printing of all but the first of a group of tied **kern notes-x suppresses printing of non-pitch-related signifiers
The
-t
option ensures that only a single output value is given for tied
**kern notes;
the output coincides with the first note of the tie.
In the default operation,
pitch
outputs non-pitch-related signifiers in addition to the **pitch
pitch value.
For example, the **Tonh token "Ges5zzz" will result in
the output "Gb5zzz" -- that is, after translating Ges5 to Gb5,
the "zzz" signifiers are retained in the output.
For some applications, echoing non-pitch-related signifiers in the output
is useful.
However, in other situations, the result can prove confusing --
especially, when the non-pitch-related signifiers are numbers.
Consider the case of the **kern token "8aa#";
after translating `aa#' to A#5, the non-pitch-related signifier `8'
will also be output, hence the value 8A#5 -- which may cause
confusion;
commands such as
tonh,
solfg,
and
pitch
treat the first number encountered in an input token
as the octave designation.
Hence further processing of this token may lead to it's interpretation as A#8
-- or even A#58 -- rather than A#5.
The
-x
option is useful for eliminating non-pitch-related signifiers from the output.
For most **kern inputs, the
-x
option is recommended.
**deg and **cocho) cannot be processed by
pitch.
In addition, there are two non-pitch-related spines
(**embell and **metpos).
!! `pitch' example. **kern **freq **MIDI **deg **metpos **cocho **degree **embell *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 * * * * * * *d: * * * * * *tb8 * * * =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 8ee- 93foo /60/bar 1foo 1 r 1/4 ct . . /-60/ . . . . . 8ff 220 /62/ 2 3 9.89 2/4 upt . . /-62/ . . . . . 8dd- 936.2 /70/ 1 2 7.07 3+/4 ct . . /-70/ . . . . . 8d- 277.18 /61/ 6 3 7.135 7/3 sus . . /-61/ . . . . . =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 [4a- r . 5 1 r r . . . . 7 3 5.5 1/4 ct 4a-] 300 /48/ /52/ 1 2 8.11 6+/4 ct . . /-48/ . . . . . . 82.4 261.6 /-52/ 2 3 7.33 6.4 3/4 5/4 ct =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 r 512 . r 1 r 3/4 1/5 . === === === === === === === === *- *- *- *- *- *- *- *-
Executing the command
pitch -tx input > output.pit
produces the following result:
Both processed and unprocessed spines are output.
Notice that the tied note at the beginning of measure 2 in the
!! `pitch' example. **pitch **pitch **pitch **deg **metpos **cocho **pitch **embell *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 * * * * * * *d: * * * * * *tb8 * * * =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 Eb5 F#2+9 C4 1foo 1 r D4 ct . . . . . . . . F5 A3 D4 2 3 9.89 E4 upt . . . . . . . . Db5 Bb5+7 Bb4 1 2 7.07 F#4 ct . . . . . . . . Db4 Db4 Db4 6 3 7.135 C#3 sus . . . . . . . . =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 Ab4 r . 5 1 r r . . . . 7 3 5.5 D4 ct . D4+36 C3 E3 1 2 8.11 B4 ct . . . . . . . . . E2 C4 . 2 3 7.33 6.4 F4 A4 ct =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 r C5-37 . r 1 r F4 D5 . === === === === === === === === *- *- *- *- *- *- *- *- **kern
spine has been rendered as a single note rather than as two notes
(due to the
-t
option).
Also notice that the non-pitch-related signifiers (e.g. foo)
in the first notes of the **freq, **MIDI, and **cocho
spines have been stripped away (due to the
-x
option).
In the case of the **degree input,
pitch
recognizes the spelling of various pitches in the context of the key of
D minor.
Hence, the raised third degree is F#, and the raised sixth degree
is B natural.
Also note the presence of cents-deviation from equal temperament
in the translation of the **freq data (second spine).
x_option.awk
is used by this program when the
-x
option is invoked.
**cents (2),
cents (4),
**degree (2),
degree (4),
**freq (2),
freq (4),
**fret (2),
hint (4),
**kern (2),
kern (4),
**MIDI (2),
midi (4),
mint (4),
**pitch (2),
**semits (2),
semits (4),
**solfg (2),
solfg (4),
**specC (2)
specC (4),
**Tonh (2),
tonh (4)