Humdrum Toolkit Command Reference -- solfg

COMMAND

solfg -- translate selected Humdrum pitch-related representations to French solfège notation

SYNOPSIS


solfg  [-tx]  [inputfile ...]  [ > outputfile.slg]

DESCRIPTION

The solfg command transforms various pitch-related inputs to the corresponding French system for designating pitches. It outputs one or more Humdrum **solfg spines. French pitch designations use the so-called "fixed-doh" system, where: do, ré, mi, fa, sol, la, and si correspond to C, D, E, F, G, A, and B. In **solfg, flats (bémol) and sharps (dièse) are abbreviated b and d respectively. Hence, `do dièse'


(do~d)

for C sharp, `la bémol'


(la~b)

for A flat, `sol double-dièse'


(sol~dd)

for G double-sharp, `si double-bémol'


(si~bb)

for B double-flat, and so on.

The solfg command is able to translate any of the pitch-related representations listed below. In each case, a tuning standard of A4 equals 440 hertz is assumed. For descriptions of the various input representations (including **solfg) refer to Section 2 (Representation Reference) of this reference manual.

It is recommended that output files produced using the solfg command should be given names with the distinguishing `.slg' extension.

**cents hundredths of a semitone with respect to middle C=0

**degree key-related scale degree

**freq fundamental frequency (in hertz)

**fret fretted-instrument pitch tablature

**kern core pitch/duration representation

**MIDI Music Instrument Digital Interface tablature

**pitch American National Standards Institute pitch notation (e.g. "A#4")

**semits equal-tempered semitones with respect to middle C=0 (e.g. 12 = C5)

**specC spectral centroid (in hertz)

**Tonh German pitch system

Input representations processed by solfg.

OPTIONS

The solfg command provides the following options:

-h displays a help screen summarizing the command syntax

-t suppresses printing of all but the first note of a group of tied **kern notes

-x suppresses printing of non-solfg data

Options are specified in the command line.

The -t ensures that only a single output value is given for tied **kern notes; the output coincides with the first note of the tie.

In the default operation, solfg outputs non-pitch-related signifiers in addition to the solfg value. For example, the **pitch token "Gb5zzz" will result in the output "sol~b5zzz" -- that is, after translating Gb5 to sol~b5, the "zzz" signifiers are retained in the output. For some applications, echoing non-pitch-related signifiers in the output is useful. However, in other situations, the result can prove confusing -- especially, when the non-pitch-related signifiers are numbers. Consider the case of the **kern token "8aa#"; after translating `aa#' to la~d5, the non-pitch-related signifier `8' will also be output, hence the value 8la~d5 -- which may cause confusion. Commands such as pitch and solfg treat the first number encountered in an input token as the octave designation. So further processing of this token may lead to it's interpretation as A#8 -- or even A#85 -- rather than A#5.

The -x option is useful for eliminating non-pitch-related signifiers from the output. For most **kern inputs, the -x option is recommended.

EXAMPLES

The following example illustrates the use of solfg. The input contains six pitch-related spines -- two of which (**deg and **cocho) cannot be processed by solfg. In addition, there are two non-pitch-related spines (**embell and **metpos).



!! `solfg' example.
**kern **pitch **MIDI **deg **metpos **cocho **degree **embell
*M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4
* * * * *tb8 * *d: *
=1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1
8ee- G#4foo /60/bar 1foo 1 r 1/4 ct
. . /-60/ . . . . .
8ff A3 /62/ 2 3 9.89 2/4 upt
. . /-62/ . . . . .
8dd- Ab3 /70/ 1 2 7.07 3+/4 ct
. . /-70/ . . . . .
8d- C#4 /61/ 6 3 7.135 7/3 sus
. . /-61/ . . . . .
=2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2
[4a- r . 5 1 r r .
. . . 7 3 5.5 1/4 ct
4a-] D4 /48/ /52/ 1 2 8.11 6+/4 ct
. . /-48/ . . . . .
. D4 F4 /-52/ 2 3 7.33 6.4 3/4 5/4 ct
=3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3
r G4 . r 1 r 3/4 1/5 .
=== === === === === === === ===
*- *- *- *- *- *- *- *-

Executing the command

solfg -tx input > output

produces the following result:

!! `solfg' example.

**solfg **solfg **solfg **deg **metpos **cocho **solfg **embell

*M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4 *M2/4

* * * * *tb8 * *d: *

=1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1 =1

mi~b5 sol~d4 do4 1foo 1 r re4 ct

. . . . . . . .

fa5 la3 re4 2 3 9.89 mi4 upt

. . . . . . . .

re~b5 la~b3 si~b4 1 2 7.07 fa~d4 ct

. . . . . . . .

re~b4 do~d4 re~b4 6 3 7.135 do~d3 sus

. . . . . . . .

=2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2 =2

la~b4 r . 5 1 r r .

. . . 7 3 5.5 re4 ct

. re4 do3 mi3 1 2 8.11 si4 ct

. . . . . . . .

. re4 fa4 . 2 3 7.33 6.4 fa4 la4 ct

=3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3 =3

r sol4 . r 1 r fa4 re5 .

=== === === === === === === ===

*- *- *- *- *- *- *- *-

Both processed and unprocessed spines are output. Notice that the tied note at the beginning of measure 2 in the **kern spine has been rendered as a single note rather than as two notes (due to the -t option). Also notice that the non-pitch-related signifiers (e.g. foo) in the first notes of the **pitch, **MIDI, and **cocho spines have been stripped away (due to the -x option). In the case of the **degree input, solfg recognizes the spelling of various pitches in the context of the key of D minor. Hence, the raised third degree is fa~d (F#), and the raised sixth degree is si (B natural).

FILES

The file x_option.awk is used by this program when the -x option is invoked.

PORTABILITY

DOS 2.0 and up, with the MKS Toolkit. OS/2 with the MKS Toolkit. UNIX systems supporting the Korn shell or Bourne shell command interpreters, and revised awk (1985).

`**cents`	hundredths of a semitone with respect to middle C=0
`**degree`	key-related scale degree
`**freq`	fundamental frequency (in hertz)
`**fret`	fretted-instrument pitch tablature
`**kern`	core pitch/duration representation
`**MIDI`	Music Instrument Digital Interface tablature
`**pitch`	American National Standards Institute pitch notation (e.g. "A#4")
`**semits`	equal-tempered semitones with respect to middle C=0 (e.g. 12 = C5)
`**specC`	spectral centroid (in hertz)
`**Tonh`	German pitch system

-h	displays a help screen summarizing the command syntax
-t	suppresses printing of all but the first note of a group of tied `**kern notes`
-x	suppresses printing of non-solfg data

!! `solfg' example.
**kern	**pitch	**MIDI	**deg	**metpos	**cocho	**degree	**embell
*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4
*	*	*	*	*tb8	*	*d:	*
=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1
8ee-	G#4foo	/60/bar	1foo	1	r	1/4	ct
.	.	/-60/	.	.	.	.	.
8ff	A3	/62/	2	3	9.89	2/4	upt
.	.	/-62/	.	.	.	.	.
8dd-	Ab3	/70/	1	2	7.07	3+/4	ct
.	.	/-70/	.	.	.	.	.
8d-	C#4	/61/	6	3	7.135	7/3	sus
.	.	/-61/	.	.	.	.	.
=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2
[4a-	r	.	5	1	r	r	.
.	.	.	7	3	5.5	1/4	ct
4a-]	D4	/48/ /52/	1	2	8.11	6+/4	ct
.	.	/-48/	.	.	.	.	.
.	D4 F4	/-52/	2	3	7.33 6.4	3/4 5/4	ct
=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3
r	G4	.	r	1	r	3/4 1/5	.
===	===	===	===	===	===	===	===
*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-

!! `solfg' example.
**solfg	**solfg	**solfg	**deg	**metpos	**cocho	**solfg	**embell
*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4	*M2/4
*	*	*	*	*tb8	*	*d:	*
=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1	=1
mi~b5	sol~d4	do4	1foo	1	r	re4	ct
.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
fa5	la3	re4	2	3	9.89	mi4	upt
.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
re~b5	la~b3	si~b4	1	2	7.07	fa~d4	ct
.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
re~b4	do~d4	re~b4	6	3	7.135	do~d3	sus
.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2	=2
la~b4	r	.	5	1	r	r	.
.	.	.	7	3	5.5	re4	ct
.	re4	do3 mi3	1	2	8.11	si4	ct
.	.	.	.	.	.	.	.
.	re4 fa4	.	2	3	7.33 6.4	fa4 la4	ct
=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3	=3
r	sol4	.	r	1	r	fa4 re5	.
===	===	===	===	===	===	===	===
*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-	*-