Appendix II

Instrumentation Codes

Introduction

Humdrum provides standard voice and instrument names in order to facilitate various tasks. Voice and instrument names are used both in tandem interpretations, and in AIN reference records identifying the instrumentation for a work (see Appendix I).

Instrument tandem interpretations are used to identify the instrumentation pertaining to a specified spine. The word "instrument" is used in a broad sense and embraces vocal qualities and vocal types as well as mechanical sound makers.

Three distinctions are currently made in Humdrum: instrument name, instrument class and instrument group. The following table identifies six pre-defined instrument classes:

*ICvox voice

*ICstr string instrument

*ICww woodwind instrument

*ICbras brass instrument

*ICklav keyboard instrument

*ICidio percussion instrument (idiophone)

The following table identifies five pre-defined instrument groups:

*IGacmp accompaniment instrument

*IGsolo solo instrument

*IGcont basso-continuo instrument

*IGripn ripieno instrument

*IGconc concertino instrument

The following set of tables list currently defined instrument names. When the name is used to form an instrument tandem interpretation the instrument keyword is preceded by an asterisk and the upper-case letter `I'. For example, the instrument tandem interpretation for the guitar is *Iguitr. If the guitar appears as an instrument in a AIN Reference Record only the designation `guitr' is used.

Voice Range

*Isoprn soprano

*Imezzo mezzo soprano

*Icalto contralto

*Itenor tenor

*Ibarit baritone

*Ibass bass

Voice Quality

*Ivox generic (undesignated) voice

*Ifeme female voice

*Imale male voice

*Infant child's voice

*Irecit recitativo

*Ilyrsp lyric soprano

*Idrmsp dramatic soprano

*Icolsp coloratura soprano

*Ialto alto

*Ictenor counter-tenor

*Iheltn Heldentenor, tenore robusto

*Ilyrtn lyric tenor

*Ibspro basso profondo

*Ibscan basso cantante

*Ifalse falsetto

*Icastr castrato

String Instruments

*Iarchl archlute; archiluth (Fr.); liuto attiorbato/arcileuto/arciliuto (It.)

*Iarpa harp; arpa (It.), arpa (Span.)

*Ibanjo banjo

*Ibiwa biwa

*Ibguit electric bass guitar

*Icbass contrabass

*Icello violoncello

*Icemba harpsichord; clavecin (Fr.); Cembalo (Ger.); cembalo (It.)

*Icetra cittern; cistre/sistre (Fr.); Cither/Zitter (Ger.); cetra/cetera (It.)

*Iclavi clavichord; clavicordium (Lat.); clavicorde (Fr.)

*Idulc dulcimer or cimbalom; Cimbal or Hackbrett (Ger.)

*Ieguit electric guitar

*Iforte fortepiano

*Iguitr guitar; guitarra (Span.); guitare (Fr.); Gitarre (Ger.); chitarra (It.)

*Ihurdy hurdy-gurdy; variously named in other languages

*Iliuto lute; lauto, liuto leuto (It.); luth (Fr.); Laute (Ger.)

*Ikit kit; variously named in other languages

*Ikokyu kokyu (Japanese spike fiddle)

*Ikomun komun'go (Korean long zither)

*Ikoto koto (Japanese long zither)

*Imando mandolin; mandolino (It.); mandoline (Fr.); Mandoline (Ger.)

*Ipiano pianoforte

*Ipipa Chinese lute

*Ipsalt psaltery (box zither)

*Iqin qin, ch'in (Chinese zither)

*Iquitr gittern (short-necked lute); quitarre (Fr.); Quinterne (Ger.)

*Irebec rebec; rebeca (Lat.); rebec (Fr.); Rebec (Ger.)

*Ibansu bansuri

*Isarod sarod

*Ishami shamisen (Japanese fretless lute)

*Isitar sitar

*Itambu tambura, tanpura

*Itanbr tanbur

*Itiorb theorbo; tiorba (It.); tèorbe (Fr.); Theorb (Ger.)

*Iud ud

*Iukule ukulele

*Ivina vina

*Iviola viola; alto (Fr.); Bratsche (Ger.)

*Iviolb bass viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)

*Iviold viola d'amore; viole d'amour (Fr.); Liebesgeige (Ger.)

*Ivioln violin; violon (Fr.); Violine or Geige (Ger.); violino (It.)

*Iviolp piccolo violin; violino piccolo (It.)

*Iviolp piccolo violin; violino piccolo (It.)

*Iviols treble viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)

*Iviolt tenor viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)

*Izithr zither; Zither (Ger.); cithare (Fr.); cetra da tavola (It.)

Wind Instruments

*Iaccor accordion; accordéon (Fr.); Akkordeon (Ger.)

*Iarmon harmonica; armonica (It.)

*IbagpS bagpipe (Scottish)

*IbagpI bagpipe (Irish)

*Ibaset bassett horn

*Icalam chalumeau; calamus (Lat.); kalamos (Gk.)

*Icalpe calliope

*Icangl english horn; cor anglais (Fr.)

*Ichlms soprano shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.; chalemie (Fr.); ciaramella (It.)

*Ichlma alto shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.

*Ichlmt tenor shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.

*Iclars soprano clarinet (in either B-flat or A); clarinetto (It.)

*Iclarp piccolo clarinet

*Iclara alto clarinet (in E-flat)

*Iclarb bass clarinet (in B-flat)

*Icor horn; cor (Fr.); corno (It.); Horn (Ger.)

*Icornm cornemuse; French bagpipe

*Icorno cornett (woodwind instr.); cornetto (It.); cornaboux (Fr.); Zink (Ger.)

*Icornt cornet (brass instr.); cornetta (It.); cornet à pistons (Fr.); Cornett (Ger.)

*Ictina concertina; concertina (Fr.); Konzertina (Ger.)

*Ifagot bassoon; fagotto (It.)

*Ifag_c contrabassoon; contrafagotto (It.)

*Ifife fife

*Iflt flute; flauto (It.); Flöte (Ger.); flûte (Fr.)

*Iflt_a alto flute

*Iflt_b bass flute

*Ifltds soprano recorder; flûte à bec, flûte douce (Fr.); Blockflöte (Ger.); flauto dolce (It.)

*Ifltdn sopranino recorder

*Ifltda alto recorder

*Ifltdt tenor recorder

*Ifltdb bass recorder

*Iflugh flugelhorn

*Ihichi hichiriki (Japanese double reed used in gagaku)

*Ikrums soprano crumhorn; Krummhorn/Krumbhorn (Ger.); tournebout (Fr.)

*Ikruma alto crumhorn

*Ikrumt tenor crumhorn

*Ikrumb bass crumhorn

*Inokan nokan (Japanese flute for the no theatre)

*Ioboe oboe; hautbois (Fr.); Hoboe, Oboe (Ger.): oboe (It.)

*IoboeD oboe d'amore

*Iocari ocarina

*Iorgan pipe organ; organum (Lat.); organo (It.); orgue (Fr.); Orgel (Ger.)

*Ipanpi panpipe

*Ipicco piccolo flute

*Ipiri Korean p'iri

*Iporta portative organ

*Irackt racket; Rackett (Ger.); cervelas (Fr.)

*Ireedo reed organ

*Isarus sarrusophone

*IsaxN sopranino saxophone (in E-flat)

*IsaxS soprano saxophone (in B-flat)

*IsaxA alto saxophone (in E-flat)

*IsaxT tenor saxophone (in B-flat)

*IsaxR baritone saxophone (in E-flat)

*IsaxB bass saxophone (in B-flat)

*IsaxC contrabass saxophone (in E-flat)

*Ishaku shakuhachi

*Isheng mouth organ (Chinese)

*Isho mouth organ (Japanese)

*IsxhS soprano saxhorn (in B-flat)

*IsxhA alto saxhorn (in E-flat)

*IsxhT tenor saxhorn (in B-flat)

*IsxhR baritone saxhorn (in E-flat)

*IsxhB bass saxhorn (in B-flat)

*IsxhC contrabass saxhorn (in E-flat)

*Itromt tenor trombone; trombone (It.); trombone (Fr.); Posaune (Ger.)

*Itromb bass trombone

*Itromp trumpet; tromba (It.); trompette (Fr.); Trompete (Ger.)

*Ituba tuba

*Izurna zurna

Percussion Instruments

*Ibdrum bass drum (kit)

*Icampn bell; campana (It.); cloche (Fr.); campana (Span.)

*Icaril carillon

*Icasts castanets; castañetas (Span.); castagnette (It.)

*Ichime chimes

*Iclest celesta; céleste (Fr.)

*Icrshc crash cymbal (kit)

*Ifingc finger cymbal

*Iglock glockenspiel

*Igong gong

*Imarac maracas

*Imarim marimba

*Ipiatt cymbals; piatti (It.); cymbales (Fr.); Becken (Ger.); kymbos (Gk.)

*Iridec ride cymbal (kit)

*Isdrum snare drum (kit)

*Ispshc splash cymbal (kit)

*Isteel steel-drum, tinpanny

*Itabla tabla

*Itambn tambourine, timbrel; tamburino (It.); Tamburin (Ger.)

*Itimpa timpani; timpani (It.); timbales (Fr.); Pauken (Ger.)

*Itom tom-tom drum

*Itrngl triangle; triangle (Fr.); Triangel (Ger.); triangolo (It.)

*Ivibra vibraphone

*Ixylo xylophone; xylophone (Fr.); silofono (It.)

Keyboard Instruments

*Iaccor accordion; accordéon (Fr.); Akkordeon (Ger.)

*Icaril carillon

*Icemba harpsichord; clavecin (Fr.); Cembalo (Ger.); cembalo (It.)

*Iclavi clavichord; clavicordium (Lat.); clavicorde (Fr.)

*Iclest celesta; céleste (Fr.)

*Iforte fortepiano

*Ihammd Hammond electronic organ

*Iorgan pipe organ; orgue (Fr.); Orgel (Ger.); organo (It.); organo (Span.); organum (Lat.)

*Ipiano pianoforte

*Iporta portative organ

*Ireedo reed organ

*Irhode Fender-Rhodes electric piano

*Isynth keyboard synthesizer

Previous Appendix
Table of Contents

`*ICvox`	voice
`*ICstr`	string instrument
`*ICww`	woodwind instrument
`*ICbras`	brass instrument
`*ICklav`	keyboard instrument
`*ICidio`	percussion instrument (idiophone)

`*IGacmp`	accompaniment instrument
`*IGsolo`	solo instrument
`*IGcont`	basso-continuo instrument
`*IGripn`	ripieno instrument
`*IGconc`	concertino instrument

Voice Range

`*Isoprn`	soprano
`*Imezzo`	mezzo soprano
`*Icalto`	contralto
`*Itenor`	tenor
`*Ibarit`	baritone
`*Ibass`	bass

Voice Quality

`*Ivox`	generic (undesignated) voice
`*Ifeme`	female voice
`*Imale`	male voice
`*Infant`	child's voice

`*Irecit`	recitativo

`*Ilyrsp`	lyric soprano
`*Idrmsp`	dramatic soprano
`*Icolsp`	coloratura soprano
`*Ialto`	alto
`*Ictenor`	counter-tenor
`*Iheltn`	Heldentenor, tenore robusto
`*Ilyrtn`	lyric tenor
`*Ibspro`	basso profondo
`*Ibscan`	basso cantante
`*Ifalse`	falsetto
`*Icastr`	castrato

String Instruments

`*Iarchl`	archlute; archiluth (Fr.); liuto attiorbato/arcileuto/arciliuto (It.)
`*Iarpa`	harp; arpa (It.), arpa (Span.)
`*Ibanjo`	banjo
`*Ibiwa`	biwa
`*Ibguit`	electric bass guitar
`*Icbass`	contrabass
`*Icello`	violoncello
`*Icemba`	harpsichord; clavecin (Fr.); Cembalo (Ger.); cembalo (It.)
`*Icetra`	cittern; cistre/sistre (Fr.); Cither/Zitter (Ger.); cetra/cetera (It.)
`*Iclavi`	clavichord; clavicordium (Lat.); clavicorde (Fr.)
`*Idulc`	dulcimer or cimbalom; Cimbal or Hackbrett (Ger.)
`*Ieguit`	electric guitar
`*Iforte`	fortepiano
`*Iguitr`	guitar; guitarra (Span.); guitare (Fr.); Gitarre (Ger.); chitarra (It.)
`*Ihurdy`	hurdy-gurdy; variously named in other languages
`*Iliuto`	lute; lauto, liuto leuto (It.); luth (Fr.); Laute (Ger.)
`*Ikit`	kit; variously named in other languages
`*Ikokyu`	kokyu (Japanese spike fiddle)
`*Ikomun`	komun'go (Korean long zither)
`*Ikoto`	koto (Japanese long zither)
`*Imando`	mandolin; mandolino (It.); mandoline (Fr.); Mandoline (Ger.)
`*Ipiano`	pianoforte
`*Ipipa`	Chinese lute
`*Ipsalt`	psaltery (box zither)
`*Iqin`	qin, ch'in (Chinese zither)
`*Iquitr`	gittern (short-necked lute); quitarre (Fr.); Quinterne (Ger.)
`*Irebec`	rebec; rebeca (Lat.); rebec (Fr.); Rebec (Ger.)
`*Ibansu`	bansuri
`*Isarod`	sarod
`*Ishami`	shamisen (Japanese fretless lute)
`*Isitar`	sitar
`*Itambu`	tambura, tanpura
`*Itanbr`	tanbur
`*Itiorb`	theorbo; tiorba (It.); tèorbe (Fr.); Theorb (Ger.)
`*Iud`	ud
`*Iukule`	ukulele
`*Ivina`	vina
`*Iviola`	viola; alto (Fr.); Bratsche (Ger.)
`*Iviolb`	bass viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)
`*Iviold`	viola d'amore; viole d'amour (Fr.); Liebesgeige (Ger.)
`*Ivioln`	violin; violon (Fr.); Violine or Geige (Ger.); violino (It.)
`*Iviolp`	piccolo violin; violino piccolo (It.)
`*Iviolp`	piccolo violin; violino piccolo (It.)
`*Iviols`	treble viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)
`*Iviolt`	tenor viola da gamba; viole (Fr.); Gambe (Ger.)
`*Izithr`	zither; Zither (Ger.); cithare (Fr.); cetra da tavola (It.)

Wind Instruments

`*Iaccor`	accordion; accordéon (Fr.); Akkordeon (Ger.)
`*Iarmon`	harmonica; armonica (It.)
`*IbagpS`	bagpipe (Scottish)
`*IbagpI`	bagpipe (Irish)
`*Ibaset`	bassett horn
`*Icalam`	chalumeau; calamus (Lat.); kalamos (Gk.)
`*Icalpe`	calliope
`*Icangl`	english horn; cor anglais (Fr.)
`*Ichlms`	soprano shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.; chalemie (Fr.); ciaramella (It.)
`*Ichlma`	alto shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.
`*Ichlmt`	tenor shawm, chalmeye, shalme, etc.
`*Iclars`	soprano clarinet (in either B-flat or A); clarinetto (It.)
`*Iclarp`	piccolo clarinet
`*Iclara`	alto clarinet (in E-flat)
`*Iclarb`	bass clarinet (in B-flat)
`*Icor`	horn; cor (Fr.); corno (It.); Horn (Ger.)
`*Icornm`	cornemuse; French bagpipe
`*Icorno`	cornett (woodwind instr.); cornetto (It.); cornaboux (Fr.); Zink (Ger.)
`*Icornt`	cornet (brass instr.); cornetta (It.); cornet à pistons (Fr.); Cornett (Ger.)
`*Ictina`	concertina; concertina (Fr.); Konzertina (Ger.)
`*Ifagot`	bassoon; fagotto (It.)
`*Ifag_c`	contrabassoon; contrafagotto (It.)
`*Ifife`	fife
`*Iflt`	flute; flauto (It.); Flöte (Ger.); flûte (Fr.)
`*Iflt_a`	alto flute
`*Iflt_b`	bass flute
`*Ifltds`	soprano recorder; flûte à bec, flûte douce (Fr.); Blockflöte (Ger.); flauto dolce (It.)
`*Ifltdn`	sopranino recorder
`*Ifltda`	alto recorder
`*Ifltdt`	tenor recorder
`*Ifltdb`	bass recorder
`*Iflugh`	flugelhorn
`*Ihichi`	hichiriki (Japanese double reed used in gagaku)
`*Ikrums`	soprano crumhorn; Krummhorn/Krumbhorn (Ger.); tournebout (Fr.)
`*Ikruma`	alto crumhorn
`*Ikrumt`	tenor crumhorn
`*Ikrumb`	bass crumhorn
`*Inokan`	nokan (Japanese flute for the no theatre)
`*Ioboe`	oboe; hautbois (Fr.); Hoboe, Oboe (Ger.): oboe (It.)
`*IoboeD`	oboe d'amore
`*Iocari`	ocarina
`*Iorgan`	pipe organ; organum (Lat.); organo (It.); orgue (Fr.); Orgel (Ger.)
`*Ipanpi`	panpipe
`*Ipicco`	piccolo flute
`*Ipiri`	Korean p'iri
`*Iporta`	portative organ
`*Irackt`	racket; Rackett (Ger.); cervelas (Fr.)
`*Ireedo`	reed organ
`*Isarus`	sarrusophone
`*IsaxN`	sopranino saxophone (in E-flat)
`*IsaxS`	soprano saxophone (in B-flat)
`*IsaxA`	alto saxophone (in E-flat)
`*IsaxT`	tenor saxophone (in B-flat)
`*IsaxR`	baritone saxophone (in E-flat)
`*IsaxB`	bass saxophone (in B-flat)
`*IsaxC`	contrabass saxophone (in E-flat)
`*Ishaku`	shakuhachi
`*Isheng`	mouth organ (Chinese)
`*Isho`	mouth organ (Japanese)
`*IsxhS`	soprano saxhorn (in B-flat)
`*IsxhA`	alto saxhorn (in E-flat)
`*IsxhT`	tenor saxhorn (in B-flat)
`*IsxhR`	baritone saxhorn (in E-flat)
`*IsxhB`	bass saxhorn (in B-flat)
`*IsxhC`	contrabass saxhorn (in E-flat)
`*Itromt`	tenor trombone; trombone (It.); trombone (Fr.); Posaune (Ger.)
`*Itromb`	bass trombone
`*Itromp`	trumpet; tromba (It.); trompette (Fr.); Trompete (Ger.)
`*Ituba`	tuba
`*Izurna`	zurna

Percussion Instruments

`*Ibdrum`	bass drum (kit)
`*Icampn`	bell; campana (It.); cloche (Fr.); campana (Span.)
`*Icaril`	carillon
`*Icasts`	castanets; castañetas (Span.); castagnette (It.)
`*Ichime`	chimes
`*Iclest`	celesta; céleste (Fr.)
`*Icrshc`	crash cymbal (kit)
`*Ifingc`	finger cymbal
`*Iglock`	glockenspiel
`*Igong`	gong
`*Imarac`	maracas
`*Imarim`	marimba
`*Ipiatt`	cymbals; piatti (It.); cymbales (Fr.); Becken (Ger.); kymbos (Gk.)
`*Iridec`	ride cymbal (kit)
`*Isdrum`	snare drum (kit)
`*Ispshc`	splash cymbal (kit)
`*Isteel`	steel-drum, tinpanny
`*Itabla`	tabla
`*Itambn`	tambourine, timbrel; tamburino (It.); Tamburin (Ger.)
`*Itimpa`	timpani; timpani (It.); timbales (Fr.); Pauken (Ger.)
`*Itom`	tom-tom drum
`*Itrngl`	triangle; triangle (Fr.); Triangel (Ger.); triangolo (It.)
`*Ivibra`	vibraphone
`*Ixylo`	xylophone; xylophone (Fr.); silofono (It.)

Keyboard Instruments

`*Iaccor`	accordion; accordéon (Fr.); Akkordeon (Ger.)
`*Icaril`	carillon
`*Icemba`	harpsichord; clavecin (Fr.); Cembalo (Ger.); cembalo (It.)
`*Iclavi`	clavichord; clavicordium (Lat.); clavicorde (Fr.)
`*Iclest`	celesta; céleste (Fr.)
`*Iforte`	fortepiano
`*Ihammd`	Hammond electronic organ
`*Iorgan`	pipe organ; orgue (Fr.); Orgel (Ger.); organo (It.); organo (Span.); organum (Lat.)
`*Ipiano`	pianoforte
`*Iporta`	portative organ
`*Ireedo`	reed organ
`*Irhode`	Fender-Rhodes electric piano
`*Isynth`	keyboard synthesizer